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Fibroblast growth factor 21: a novel metabolic regulator from pharmacology to physiology

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 25-30 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0244-8

摘要:

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family. It actually functions as endocrine hormones but does not regulate cell growth and differentiation. It is demonstrated that FGF21 acts on multiple tissue to coordinate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, including enhancing insulin sensitivity, decreasing triglyceride concentrations, causing weight loss, ameliorating obesity-associated hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Moreover, FGF21 also plays important roles in some physiological processes, such as fasting and feeding, growth hormone axis and thermogenic function of brown adipose tissue. Clinical relevance of FGF21 in humans is still unclear, and the basis and consequences of increased FGF21 in metabolic disease remain to be determined. Both the pharmacological actions and physiological roles make FGF21 attractive drug candidates for treating metabolic disease, but some questions remain to be answered. This article concentrates on recent advances in our understanding of FGF21.

关键词: FGF21     metabolism     pharmacology     physiology     clinical relevance    

Regulation of exogenous bFGF gene mediated by recombinant adeno-associated virus

Ke SONG, Nianjing RAO, Meiling CHEN, Yingguang CAO

《医学前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 158-163 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0042-5

摘要: The regulatory effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mediated by recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) was investigated. Recombinant plasmid pAAV-S3-bFGF, and pSVneo were co-transfected into BHK-21 cells, then the recombinant AAV genome was replicated and packaged with the helper virus HSV1-rc/ΔUL2. The titer of the recombinant rAAV2-tet-off-bFGF was determined by dot-blot assay. MC3T3-E1 cells were infected with rAAV2-tet-off-bFGF. Regulatory effects of Doxycycline (Dox) on bFGF and osteogenic factors were assayed quantitatively by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. The physical particle titer of rAAV2-tet-off-bFGF successfully constructed was 1.8×10 vector genomes/mL, and the virus could infect MC3T3-E1 cells effectively. In MC3T3-E1 cells treated with Dox, the expression levels of exogenous bFGF and osteogenic factors declined to varying degrees. It was concluded that rAAV2-tet-off-bFGF could infect MC3T3 cells efficiently, and this recombinant system could be regulated successfully by Dox .

关键词: tetracycline regulatory system     adeno-associated virus     basic fibroblast growth factor     gene regulation    

FGF23 associated bone diseases

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 65-80 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0254-6

摘要:

Recently, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) has sparked widespread interest because of its potential role in regulating phosphate and vitamin D metabolism. In this review, we summarized the FGF superfamily, the mechanism of FGF23 on phosphate and vitamin D metabolism, and the FGF23 related bone disease.

关键词: fibroblast growth factor 23     FGF receptor     phosphate metabolism     Klotho     bone disease    

Relative expression of PTTG and bFGF in oral squamous cell carcinoma and Tca8113

Yumei DING BM , Lili CHEN MD , Bo CHENG PhD , Handong ZHANG MM ,

《医学前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 357-362 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0046-1

摘要: The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and tongue cancer cell line Tca8113, as well as their effects on each other. We detected PTTG protein and bFGF in OSCC tissues from 56 cases using the streptavidin-biotin peroxidase (S-P) method; additionally, after being treated with different concentrations of anti bFGF or PTTG antibody, PTTG or bFGF expression in Tca8113 was examined by immunocytochemistry. The results were as follows: (1) Positive rates of PTTG protein and bFGF were 78.2% and 67.3% in OSCC, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in normal mucosal tissues (<0.05). PTTG protein was significantly up-regulated in poorly and moderately differentiated tumors compared to well differentiated tumors (<0.05), and there was also a significant difference between tumors with lymph node metastasis and tumors without lymph node metastasis (<0.05). PTTG protein expression was positively correlated with bFGF ( = 0.382, <0.05); (2) PTTG protein emitted strong fluorescence in Tca8113, and it decreased after being treated with anti-bFGF antibody. Anti-PTTG antibody also had an inhibitive effect on bFGF expression. In summary, the overexpression of PTTG protein is closely related with OSCC differentiation and lymph node metastasis. PTTG protein expression conforms to bFGF in OSCC tissues and Tca8113 cells. Detection of both PTTG and bFGF may help to judge the degree of malignancy and prognosis of patients with OSCC.

关键词: carcinoma     squamous cell     pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) protein     basic fibroblast growth factor    

Economic Growth Model Based on Six Basic Factors of Production—Xu Growth Rate Equation

Shou-bo Xu,Zong-yuan Huang

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2014年 第1卷 第2期   页码 160-175 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014024

摘要: This paper proposes an economic growth model based on the Six Basic Factors of Production and Xu Growth Rate Equation for the first time, which fills-in the deficits of the New Classical Economic Growth Model based on the Solow Model. The empirical analysis indicates that over the past three decades, the consumption of six basic factors of production had complicated relations with economic growth. In some years, the consumption rate of the basic factors of production was meager, but the economy witnessed relatively rocketing growth rate; in some years, the factors of production consumption rate was very high, but the economy growth rate slowed down. In general, economy grows at the expenses of huge consumption of four factors. There is an obvious characteristic of huge input and low efficiency. The average contribution rate of technological advance peaks in the middle, while it drops down at two ends. Noticeably, since 2004, the technology contribution rate generally shows a downward trend, reasons of which should be explored systematically in aspects like economic policy and industry structure with a view to boost further transformation of the macro-economy scientific growth model.

关键词: six basic factors of production     economic growth model     Xu Growth Rate Equation    

Evidence for lung repair and regeneration in humans: key stem cells and therapeutic functions of fibroblastgrowth factors

Xuran Chu, Chengshui Chen, Chaolei Chen, Jin-San Zhang, Saverio Bellusci, Xiaokun Li

《医学前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 262-272 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0717-5

摘要: Regeneration carries the idea of regrowing partially or completely a missing organ. Repair, on the other hand, allows restoring the function of an existing but failing organ. The recognition that human lungs can both repair and regenerate is quite novel, the concept has not been widely used to treat patients. We present evidence that the human adult lung does repair and regenerate and introduce different ways to harness this power. Various types of lung stem cells are capable of proliferating and differentiating upon injury driving the repair/regeneration process. Injury models, primarily in mice, combined with lineage tracing studies, have allowed the identification of these important cells. Some of these cells, such as basal cells, broncho-alveolar stem cells, and alveolar type 2 cells, rely on fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling for their survival, proliferation and/or differentiation. While pre-clinical studies have shown the therapeutic benefits of FGFs, a recent clinical trial for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) using intravenous injection of FGF7 did not report the expected beneficial effects. We discuss the potential reasons for these negative results and propose the rationale for new approaches for future clinical trials, such as delivery of FGFs to the damaged lungs through efficient inhalation systems, which may be more promising than systemic exposure to FGFs. While this change in the administration route presents a challenge, the therapeutic promises displayed by FGFs are worth the effort.

关键词: FGF     human lung     repair     regeneration     stem cells    

Expression of PC-cell-derived growth factor in breast cancer

Haiping SONG MD, Lan SHI MD, Chunping LIU MD, Tao HUANG MD,

《医学前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 426-430 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0085-7

摘要: This study is mainly aimed at evaluating the expression of PC-cell-derived growth factor (PCDGF) in breast cancer and breast adenofibroma, and to compare with other commonly used clinical pathological indices, then to investigate the diagnostic and targeted therapeutic purpose of PCDGF in breast cancer tissue. In this study, we detected the expression of PCDGF, p53 and CerbB-2 in breast cancer tissue and the expression of PCDGF in breast adenofibroma tissue by immunohistochemical method, and analyzed the relationship between them. We found that PCDGF was expressed in most breast cancer tissue, but was not in breast adenofibroma tissue, and the expression of PCDGF was related with the tumor’s pathological category and the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) and p53, but there was no statistical dependability between PCDGF and cerbB-2. From this study, we predict that PCDGF may serve as a marker in the secondary diagnosis of breast cancer, and may participate in the generation and differentiation of breast cancer cells, and become an effective target of therapy for breast cancer.

关键词: PC-cell-derived growth factor     breast neoplasms     clinical markers    

The relationship between platelet-derived growth factor expression and angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis

Guocheng LIU MD, Shouhua YANG MD, Zehua WANG MD,

《医学前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 447-451 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0082-x

摘要: This paper is aimed to examine if changes in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) expression at different stages of cervical cancer are related to the variation in blood vessel density (BVD) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) to evaluate the relationship between PDGF expression and stages and metastasis of cervical cancer. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression levels of PDGF in 45 cervical cancer tissue samples (the experimental group). The samples were immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal antibodies D2-40 and CD34, and BVD and LVD were measured. The expressions of PDGF-A, -B, and- D were all higher in the experimental group than in the control group (<0.05); no significant difference was found in the expression of PDGF-C between the experimental group and the control group (>0.05). PDGF-A and -B expression was positively related with BVD and LVD (<0.01, R= 0.49, 0.527, 0.327, 0.68). The expression levels of PDGF-C and -D were not significantly related with BVD and LVD. At the early stage of cervical cancer, BVD and LVD were significantly higher than in the controls (<0.01). The BVD and LVD in tissues in the surrounding areas of cervical cancer were significantly higher than in tissues at cancer center, and LVD was related to lymph node metastasis (<0.001). BVD and LVD were not associated with the differentiation and pathological stages of cervical cancer. The expressions of PDGF-A, -B, and -D in cervical cancer were closely related with the clinical stages of cervical cancer. PDGF-A and -B were intimately associated with the lymph node metastasis and prognosis of cervical cancer.

关键词: cervical cancer     lymphatic vessel density     blood vessel density     platelet-derived growth factor    

Involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in the regulation of platelet-derived growth factor

GONG Xiaowei, WEI Jie, LI Yusheng, CHENG Weiwei, DENG Peng, JIANG Yong

《医学前沿(英文)》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 248-252 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0047-x

摘要: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in cell migration induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Western blot was performed to detect the phosphorylation of p38 in NIH3T3 cells treated with PDGF. A Transwell cell migration system was used to determine the effects of PDGF treatment on the migration of NIH3T3 cells and the influence of deficiency on this process in a gene knockout (p38) mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line. On the stimulation of PDGF, the migration of NIH3T3 cells was significantly increased (〈0.001) compared to the control and p38 MAP kinase was simultaneously phosphorylated. Furthermore, the PDGF-induced cell migration was significantly blocked in gene knockout (p38) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) (〈0.001) as compared with the wild type cells (p38). p38 MAPK plays an important role in the regulation of cell migration induced by PDGF.

关键词: control     stimulation     mitogen-activated     growth factor     process    

Mechanism of vascular endothelial growth factor on the prevention of restenosis after angioplasty

Qigong LIU, Honglian ZHOU, Yan ZENG, Shan YE, Jiani LIU, Zaiying LU

《医学前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 177-180 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0021-x

摘要: To evaluate the mechanism of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the prevention of restenosis after angioplasty, the recombinant adenovirus vector containing hVEGF cDNA was constructed and transfected into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) . The conditioned medium containing VEGF was collected 72 h after the infection. Then, the VSMC and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were divided into control group, H O -treated group and H O +VEGF-treated group to observe the proliferation and apoptosis by water soluble tetrazolium (WST-1) method, nick end labeling (TUNEL) and flow cytometry (FCM). Compared with the control and H O +VEGF-treated groups, the absorbance ( ) value of HUVEC was decreased, and apoptosis of HUVEC was significantly increased in H O -treated group. The changes of value and apoptosis of VSMC were contrary to those of HUVEC. H O could stimulate the proliferation of VSMC and induce the apoptosis of HUVEC, inhibit the proliferation of HUVEC and the apoptosis of VSMC and induce restenosis. VEGF could inhibit the effect of H O on HUVEC and VSMC and prevent restenosis. These results offered further theoretical evidence for VEGF on the prevention of restenosis after angioplasty.

关键词: vascular endothelial growth factors     restenosis     reactive oxygen species     endothelial cells     vascular smooth muscle cell    

An investigation on prevalent strategies for XFEM-based numerical modeling of crack growth in porous

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 914-936 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0750-8

摘要: Crack growth modeling has always been one of the major challenges in fracture mechanics. Among all numerical methods, the extended finite element method (XFEM) has recently attracted much attention due to its ability to estimate the discontinuous deformation field. However, XFEM modeling does not directly lead to reliable results, and choosing a strategy of implementation is inevitable, especially in porous media. In this study, two prevalent XFEM strategies are evaluated: a) applying reduced Young’s modulus to pores and b) using different partitions to the model and enriching each part individually. We mention the advantages and limitations of each strategy via both analytical and experimental validations. Finally, the crack growth is modeled in a natural porous media (Fontainebleau sandstone). Our investigations proved that although both strategies can identically predict the stress distribution in the sample, the first strategy simulates only the initial crack propagation, while the second strategy could model multiple cracks growths. Both strategies are reliable and highly accurate in calculating the stress intensity factor, but the second strategy can compute a more reliable reaction force. Experimental tests showed that the second strategy is a more accurate strategy in predicting the preferred crack growth path and determining the maximum strength of the sample.

关键词: numerical modeling     extended finite element method     porous media     crack growth     stress intensity factor    

Role of nitric oxide in biological effects of vascular endothelial growth factor

Qigong LIU M D , Yan ZENG , Jiani LIU , Shan YE , Yongdong LI , Zaiying LU M D ,

《医学前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 284-286 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0062-1

摘要: To evaluate the role of nitric oxide in the biological effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the possible mechanism of VEGF, the cultured vascular endothelial cells of rabbit aorta were divided into control group, VEGF-treated group and VEGF+ -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-treated group. The absorbance () value of vascular endothelial cells and the levels of prostaglandin (PGI), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) in the supernatant were observed by water-soluble tetrazolium salt assay, radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The values and PGI in VEGF-treated group and VEGF+L-NAME-treated group were higher than those in control group (<0.05 and <0.01). The ET-1 and vWF were significantly decreased in VEGF-treated group and VEGF+L-NAME-treated group compared with the control (<0.05 and <0.01). These results indicate that VEGF could promote the proliferation and secretion of PGI and inhibit the secretion of ET-1 and vWF in vascular endothelial cells and that L-NAME could inhibit the effect of VEGF partially. Nitric oxide is an important mediator in the process of stimulating proliferation and regulating secretion of vascular endothelial cells by VEGF.

关键词: vascular endothelial growth factor     nitric oxide     N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester     vascular endothelial cells    

monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase 5 prevented cardiac fibrosis through inhibition of transforming growthfactor β-induced Smad signaling

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 445-455 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0378-3

摘要:

Recent evidences suggested that cyclic guanosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor represents an important therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. Whether and how it ameliorates cardiac fibrosis, a major cause of diastolic dysfunction and heart failure, is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of PDE5 inhibitor on cardiac fibrosis. We assessed cardiac fibrosis and pathology in mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Oral sildenafil, a PDE5 inhibitor, was administered in the therapy group. In control mice, 4 weeks of TAC induced significant cardiac dysfunction, cardiac fibrosis, and cardiac fibroblast activation (proliferation and transformation to myofibroblasts). Sildenafil treatment markedly prevented TAC-induced cardiac dysfunction, cardiac fibrosis and cardiac fibroblast activation but did not block TAC-induced transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) production and phosphorylation of Smad2/3. In isolated cardiac fibroblasts, sildenafil blocked TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibroblast transformation, proliferation and collagen synthesis. Furthermore, we found that sildenafil induced phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and reduced CREB-binding protein 1 (CBP1) recruitment to Smad transcriptional complexes. PDE5 inhibition prevents cardiac fibrosis by reducing CBP1 recruitment to Smad transcriptional complexes through CREB activation in cardiac fibroblasts.

关键词: PDE5     cardiac fibrosis     TGF-β     CREB    

Overcoming resistance to endocrine therapy in hormone receptor-positive human epidermal growth factor

Wenjie Zhu, Binghe Xu

《医学前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 208-220 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0795-4

摘要: New targeted therapies have been developed to overcome resistance to endocrine therapy (ET) and improve the outcome of HR /HER2 advanced breast cancer (ABC). We conducted a meta-analysis and systemic review on randomized controlled trials evaluating various targeted therapies in combination with ET in HR /HER2 ABC. PUBMED and EMBASE databases were searched for eligible trials. Hazard ratios (HRs) for progression-free survival (PFS), odds ratios (ORs) for objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), and toxicity were meta-analyzed. Twenty-six studies with data on 10 347 patients were included and pooled. The addition of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors to ET significantly improved median PFS (pooled HR= 0.547, <0.001), overall survival (pooled HR= 0.755, <0.001), and tumor response rates (ORR, pooled OR= 1.478, <0.001; CBR, pooled OR= 1.201, <0.001) with manageable toxicities (pooled OR= 3.280, <0.001). The mammalian targets of rapamycin inhibitors and exemestane were not clinically beneficial for this pooled population including ET-naïve and ET-resistant patients. Moderate improvement in PFS (pooled HR= 0.686, <0.001) yet pronounced toxicities (pooled OR= 2.154, <0.001) were noted in the combination of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase inhibitors with fulvestrant. Future studies are warranted to optimize the population and the dosing sequence of these available options.

关键词: endocrine-resistant     HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer     randomized clinical trials     meta-analysis     targeted therapy    

星突江鲽胰岛素样生长因子I的体外重组表达及生物活性分析

徐永江,臧 坤,柳学周,史 宝,陈圣毅

《中国工程科学》 2015年 第17卷 第1期   页码 67-73

摘要:

为了在蛋白水平认识星突江鲽(Platichthys stellatus)胰岛素样生长因子I(IGF-I)的生长调控作用及机制,采用RT-PCR方法扩增了其成熟肽片段,利用原核表达载体pET-28a成功构建了重组星突江鲽IGF-I/pET-28a质粒,转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)后经IPTG诱导获得了N端含6个组氨酸的重组星突江鲽IGF-I蛋白。获得的重组IGF-I蛋白大小为12.1 kD,37 ℃下用0.5 mmol/L的异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导3 h时目的蛋白表达量最高,占菌体总蛋白的39.8 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。Western blotting免疫印迹表明星突江鲽IGF-I重组蛋白均可被6×His抗体特异性识别。包涵体经6 mol/L盐酸胍变性、Ni2+离子亲和柱纯化和尿素梯度复性后,可获得高纯度的IGF-I重组蛋白。细胞增殖试验结果显示0.6 μg/mL 的星突江鲽IGF-I重组蛋白能显著促进人胚胎肾细胞HEK293T的增殖而大于1.8 μg/mL时则表现出抑制作用。本研究成功构建了星突江鲽IGF-I体外高效表达系统,并获得具有细胞水平生物活性的星突江鲽IGF-I重组蛋白,结果可为深入探究IGF-I在星突江鲽生长发育中的作用机制及研制高效绿色的促生长制剂提供基础资料。

关键词: 星突江鲽;胰岛素样生长因子I;原核表达;生物活性    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Fibroblast growth factor 21: a novel metabolic regulator from pharmacology to physiology

null

期刊论文

Regulation of exogenous bFGF gene mediated by recombinant adeno-associated virus

Ke SONG, Nianjing RAO, Meiling CHEN, Yingguang CAO

期刊论文

FGF23 associated bone diseases

null

期刊论文

Relative expression of PTTG and bFGF in oral squamous cell carcinoma and Tca8113

Yumei DING BM , Lili CHEN MD , Bo CHENG PhD , Handong ZHANG MM ,

期刊论文

Economic Growth Model Based on Six Basic Factors of Production—Xu Growth Rate Equation

Shou-bo Xu,Zong-yuan Huang

期刊论文

Evidence for lung repair and regeneration in humans: key stem cells and therapeutic functions of fibroblastgrowth factors

Xuran Chu, Chengshui Chen, Chaolei Chen, Jin-San Zhang, Saverio Bellusci, Xiaokun Li

期刊论文

Expression of PC-cell-derived growth factor in breast cancer

Haiping SONG MD, Lan SHI MD, Chunping LIU MD, Tao HUANG MD,

期刊论文

The relationship between platelet-derived growth factor expression and angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis

Guocheng LIU MD, Shouhua YANG MD, Zehua WANG MD,

期刊论文

Involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in the regulation of platelet-derived growth factor

GONG Xiaowei, WEI Jie, LI Yusheng, CHENG Weiwei, DENG Peng, JIANG Yong

期刊论文

Mechanism of vascular endothelial growth factor on the prevention of restenosis after angioplasty

Qigong LIU, Honglian ZHOU, Yan ZENG, Shan YE, Jiani LIU, Zaiying LU

期刊论文

An investigation on prevalent strategies for XFEM-based numerical modeling of crack growth in porous

期刊论文

Role of nitric oxide in biological effects of vascular endothelial growth factor

Qigong LIU M D , Yan ZENG , Jiani LIU , Shan YE , Yongdong LI , Zaiying LU M D ,

期刊论文

monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase 5 prevented cardiac fibrosis through inhibition of transforming growthfactor β-induced Smad signaling

null

期刊论文

Overcoming resistance to endocrine therapy in hormone receptor-positive human epidermal growth factor

Wenjie Zhu, Binghe Xu

期刊论文

星突江鲽胰岛素样生长因子I的体外重组表达及生物活性分析

徐永江,臧 坤,柳学周,史 宝,陈圣毅

期刊论文